Which court case established the concept of objective reasonableness in the use of force?

The concept of objective reasonableness in the use of force was established in the case of Graham v. Connor. This landmark decision clarified the standard that law enforcement officers must follow when assessing the appropriateness of force during encounters with suspects. The court held that the use of force must be evaluated from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, taking into account the facts and circumstances confronting the officer at the time, rather than with the benefit of hindsight.

This ruling emphasizes that the assessment of the officer's actions should be based on what a reasonable officer would have believed in the same situation, ensuring that evaluations of police conduct focus on the reasonableness of their decisions during dynamic and potentially dangerous situations. Given its widespread implications for cases involving police use of force, this case has been foundational in shaping law enforcement practices and legal standards across the United States.

In contrast, the other court cases mentioned address different issues such as the use of deadly force, rights during custodial interrogations, and search and seizure regulations, but do not specifically establish the guideline of objective reasonableness in force applications.