Which of the following is NOT one of the three categories of force?

The correct answer highlights a distinction within the context of the categories of force. The three primary categories typically encompass trained techniques, dynamic applications of these techniques, and the use of physical force in specific circumstances where justification exists. In this framework, options that reflect elements of training and dynamic response are clearly categorized, while the concept of "use of physical force under duress" does not fit neatly into recognized classifications.

The essence of the three categories is that one is trained to respond to situations with specific techniques, and those techniques can be dynamically applied based on the unfolding situation. However, using physical force under duress suggests a reaction that may not involve a trained response or the principles of proportional use of force. It implies a level of spontaneous action that lacks the structured foundation typically associated with trained techniques. Hence, this option does not align with the established categories that emphasize training and justified applications of force in law enforcement scenarios.